The Endocrine System                              Chapter 17

   I. Overview
      A. Endocrine system
         1. hormones
      B. Endocrinology
      C. Target cells
      D. Effects
      E. Slow

  II. Pituitary & Hypothalamus
      A. Location
      B. Posterior pituitary
         1. hormones
            a. oxytocin
            b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
      C. Anterior pituitary
         1. hormones
            a. growth hormone (somatotropin)
               1) insulin-like growth factors
            b.thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
               1) T3 & T4
            c. adronocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
               1) corticosteroid hormones
            d. gonadotropins
               1) follicle stimulating hormone
               2) luteinizing hormone
            e. prolactin

 III. Thyroid
      A. Location
      B. Hormones
         1. thyroid hormone (TH)
            a. T4 & T3
            b. goiter
            c. Graves' disease
         2. calcitonin

  IV. Parathyroid
      A. Location
      B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

   V. Adrenal Gland
      A. Location
      B. Adrenal cortex
         1. corticosteroids
            a. mineralocorticoids
            b. glucocorticoids
            c. gonadocorticoids
      C. Adrenal medulla
         1. catecholamines
            a. epinephrine (adrenaline)
            b. norepinephrine (noradrenalin)

  VI. Pineal Gland
      A. Location
      B. Melatonin

 VII. Pancreas
      A. Location
           a. pancreatic islets
      B. Hormones
         a. insulin
            1) beta cells
         b. glucagon
            1) alpha cells
            2) effects
               a) glycogenolysis
               b) gluconeogenesis
      C. Diseases
         1. diabetes mellitus
            1) ketone bodies
            2) ketoacidosis
         2. hyperinsulinism

VIII. Gonads
      A. Ovaries
         1. estrogen & progesterone
      B. Testes
         1. testosterone
      C. Placenta
         1. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone

  IX. Other Endocrine Glands & Tissues
      A. Adipose tissue
         1. leptin
         2. resistin
         3. adiponectin
      B. Enteroendocrine cells
         1. gastrin
         2. secretin
         3. cholecystokinin (CKK)
         4. incretins
      C. Kidneys
         1. erythropoietin
         2. renin
      D. Bone
         1. osteoclacin
      E. Skin
         1. cholacalciferol
      F. Thymus
         1. thymulin, thymopoietins, thymosins