Joints Chapter 9

1. Background
   1. Joints = articulations
   2. Functions
2. Classification
   1. Movement or functional
      1. synarthroses
      2. amphiarthroses
      3. diarthroses
   2. Structurally
      1. Fibrous Joints
         1. sutures
         2. syndesmoses
         3. gomphoses
      2. Cartilaginous Joints
         1. synchondroses
         2. symphyses
      3. Synovial Joints
         1. structure
            1. articular cartilage
            2. joint cavity
            3. articular capsule
               1. fibrous capsule
               2. synovial membrane
            4. synovial fluid
            5. reinforcing ligaments
               1. extrinsic ligaments
               2. intrinsic ligaments
               3. intracapsular ligaments
         2. menisci & articular discs
         3. bursae
            1. bursitis
3. Movement
   1. Range of Motion
      1. uniaxial
      2. biaxial
      3. multiaxial
   2. Movements
      1. gliding
      2. angular
         1. Flexion
         2. Extension
         3. Abduction
         4. Adduction
      3. special Case
         1. Circumduction
      4. Rotation
         1. medial
         2. lateral
   3. Special Movements
      1. movement of radius around ulna
         1. Supination
         2. PronationMovement of foot and ankle
         3. Inversion
         4. Eversion
         5. Dorsiflexion
         6. Plantar flexion
      2. Movement parallel to ground
         1. Protraction
         2. Retraction
      3. Movement Up & Down
         1. Elevation
         2. Depression
      4. Opposition
      5. Hyperextension
4. Types of Synovial Joints
   1. Plane joints
   2. Hinge joints
   3. Pivot joints
   4. Condyloid joints = Ellipsoidal joints
   5. Saddle joints
   6. Ball-and-Socket joints