Blood Vessels

1. Structure & Function
   1. Wall structure
      1. lumen
      2. tunica intima
         1. endothelium
      3. tunica media
         1. smooth muscle
            1. vasoconstriction
            2. vasodilation
               1. NO
         2. elastin fibers
      4. tunica externa
         1. collagen fibers
   2. General differences
      1. vasa vasorum
   3. Differentiation by diameter
      1. arteries
      2. arterioles
      3. capillaries
         1. degree of 'leakiness'
            1. continuous capillary
            2. fenestrated capillary
            3. sinusoid capillary
      4. venules
      5. veins
   4. Vein structure
      1. venous valves
2. Physiology of Circulation
   1. Terms
      1. blood flow
      2. blood pressure
      3. resistance
         1. sources of resistance
            1. blood viscosity
            2. vessel length
            3. vessel diameter
   2. Systemic blood pressure
      1. arterial blood pressure
         1. systolic pressure
         2. diastolic pressure
         3. pulse pressure
         4. measurement
            1. sphygmomanometer
      2. capillary blood pressure
      3. venous blood pressure
         1. skeletal muscular pump
         2. respiratory pump
         3. sympathetic venoconstrictionVariables
      4. cardiac output
      5. compliance
      6. blood volume
         1. hypovolemia
         2. hypervolemia
      7. blood viscosity
      8. vessel
3. Capillary exchange
   1. gases, nutrients & wastes
   2. fluid flow
      1. hydrostatic pressure
      2. colloid osmotic pressure
4. Regulation
   1. Neural
   2. Endocrine regulation
      1. catecholamines
      2. antidiuretic hormone
      3. renin
      4. erythropoietin
   3. Autoregulation of perfusion
      1. chemical signals
      2. myogenic response
5. Circulatory Pathways
   1. Pulmonary circulation
      1. pulmonary trunk
         1. L & R pulmonary arteries
         2. pulmonary capillaries
         3. L & R pulmonary veins
   2. Systemic circulation
      1. aorta
      2. inferior & superior vena cava