Heart

1. Review
   1. transport
2. Heart Anatomy
   1. Location
      1. mediastinum
         1. cardiac notch .
   2. Coverings
      1. pericardium
         1. fibrous pericardium
            1. functions
         2. serous pericardium
            1. parietal layer
            2. pericardial cavity
            3. epicardium
   3. Layers
      1. epicardium
      2. myocardium
      3. endocardium
   4. Chambers
      1. atria
      2. ventricles.
      3. septum
         1. interatrial septum
         2. interventricular septum
3. Pathway
   1. Pulmonary circulation
   2. Systemic circulation
   3. Work load
   4. Observations
      1. double pump
      2. one way
4. Heart Valves
   1. Atrioventricular (AV) valves
      1. cusps
      2. tricuspid valve
      3. mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
      4. cordae tendineae
         1. papillary muscles
   2. Semilunar valves (SL)
      1. pulmonary semilunar valve
      2. aortic semilunar valve
5. Cardiac Muscle Fibers
   1. Microscopic anatomy
      1. branching
      2. intercalated disks
6. Heart Electrical Activity
   1. Cell types
      1. myocardial contractile cells
      2. myocardial conducting cells
   2. Sinoatrial (SA) node
      1. pacemaker
         1. Bachmann's bundle = interatrial band
   3. Atrioventricular (AV) node
      1. internodal pathways
      2. atrioventricular bundle = Bundle of His
         1. atrioventricular bundle branches
      3. Purkinje fibers
   4. Heartbeat pattern
   5. Electrocardiogram
      1. deflection waves
         1. P wave
         2. QRS complex
         3. T wave
      2. segments
         1. intervals
         1. P-R (Q) interval
         2. S-T interval
         3. Q-T interval
7. Cardiac Cycle
   1. Mechanical Events
      1. Systole
      2. Diastole
      1. factors
      2. cycle
         1. atrial filling
         2. atrial contraction
         3. ventricular systole
         4. ventricular diastole
         5. return
   2. Sound Events
      1. heart murmur
8. Cardiac Output
   1. Factors
      1. stroke volume (SV)
      2. heart rate (HR)
   2. Regulation of Stroke Volumes
      1. preload
         1. venous return
      2. contractility
      3. afterload
9. Cardiac Cycle Regulation
   1. Self regulation
   2. Autonomic nervous system regulation
      1. medulla oblongata (Medulla)
         1. cardiovascular center
         2. cardioinhibitory center
            1. acetylcholine
         3. cardioacceleratory
            1. norepinephrine
   3. Chemical regulation
      1. hormones
         1. epinephrinee
         2. thyroxine
      2. ions
      3. chemicals
   4. When things go wrong
      1. pacemaker
      2. fibrillation
      3. tachycardia
      4. bradycardia