Muscular Tissue Chapter 10

1. Background
   1. muscle fibers)
   2. Prefixes
      1. Myo, Mys, Sarco
   3. Types
      1. Skeletal
      2. Cardiac
      3. Smooth
2. Characteristics
   1. Excitability
   2. Contractility
   3. Extensibility
   4. Elasticity
3. Functions
4. Gross Anatomy
   1. Nerve & blood supply
   2. Attachments
      1. insertion
      2. origin
      3. direct attachments
      4. indirect attachments
         1. tendons
         2. aponeurosis
   3. Sheaths
      1. Epimysium
      2. Perimysium
         1. fascicles
      3. Endomysium
5. Microscopic Anatomy
   1. Muscle fiber
      1. sarcolemma
      2. sarcoplasm
      3. myofibrils
   2. Bands
      1. Major bands
      2. I band
         1. Z disc
            1. sarcomere
      3. A band
         1. H zone
         2. M line
   3. Molecular Level
      1. myosin
         1. head
         2. tail
         1. Form A band
      2. actin
      3. tropomyosin
      4. troponin
   4. Additional structures
      1. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
         1. terminal cisternae
      2. T Tubules
      3. terminal cisternaeContraction = Sliding Filament Mechanism
   5. Signal
      1. motor neuron
      2. neuromuscular junctionh
         1. synaptic cleft
            1. acetylcholine (ACh)
   6. Signal translation
      1. polarized
      2. Na⁺
      3. Ca⁺⁺
   7. Muscle Contraction at the molecular level
      1. attach
      2. pivot
      3. pull
      4. release
      1. Effect
      2. Notes
   8. Relaxation
6. Energy Specializations
   1. mitochondria
   2. lactin acid
   3. glycogen
   4. myoglobin
   5. creatine phosphate
7. Fatigue
   1. anaerobic
      1. lactic acid
   2. heat
   1. Recovery from fatigue
      1. cutaneous vasodilation
      1. low pH
         1. O2 debt
8. Muscle Twitch
   1. Phases
      1. Latent period
      2. Period of contraction
      3. Period of relaxation
9. Odds and Ends
   1. Muscle tone
   2. Contraction states
      1. Isotonic contraction
      2. Isometric contractions
   3. Muscle size
      1. Hypertrophy
      2. AtrophySmooth Muscle
   4. Background
   5. Microscopic structure
      1. spindle-shaped cells
      2. Organization
         1. peristalsis
      3. Protein
         1. Myosin filaments
         2. Actin
         3. Intermediate filaments
         4. Dense bodies
   6. Contraction
      1. gap junctions
      2. sliding filament mechanism
         1. calmodulin
         2. myosin light chain kinas
      3. Notes
   7. Regulation