Muscular Tissue   Chapter 10

   I. Background
      A. muscle fibers)
      B. Prefixes
         1. Myo, Mys, Sarco
      C. Types
         1. Skeletal
         2. Cardiac
         3. Smooth 
  II. Characteristics
      A. Excitability
      B. Contractility
      C. Extensibility
      D. Elasticity
 III. Functions
  IV. Gross Anatomy
      A. Nerve & blood supply
      B. Attachments
         1. insertion
         2. origin
         3. direct attachments
         4. indirect attachments
            a. tendons
            b. aponeurosis
      C. Sheaths
         1. Epimysium
         2. Perimysium 
            a. fascicles
         3. Endomysium
   V. Microscopic Anatomy
      A. Muscle fiber
         1. sarcolemma
         2. sarcoplasm
         3. myofibrils
      B. Bands
         1. Major bands
         2. I band 
               1) Z disc
                  a) sarcomere
         3. A band
               1) H zone
               2) M line
      C. Molecular Level
         1. myosin
               1) head
               2) tail
            a. Form A band
         2. actin
         3. tropomyosin
         4. troponin
      D. Additional structures
         1. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
            a. terminal cisternae
         2. T Tubules
         3. terminal cisternae
  VI. Contraction = Sliding Filament Mechanism
      A. Signal
         1. motor neuron
         2. neuromuscular junctionh
            a. synaptic cleft
               1)  acetylcholine (ACh)
      B. Signal translation
         1. polarized
         2. Na+
         3. Ca++
      C. Muscle Contraction at the molecular level
            a. attach
            b. pivot
            c. pull
            d. release
         1. Effect
         2. Notes
      D. Relaxation
 VII. Energy Specializations
      A. mitochondria
      B. lactin acid
      C. glycogen
      D. myoglobin
      E. creatine phosphate
VIII. Fatigue
         1. anaerobic
            a. lactic acid
         2. heat
      A. Recovery from fatigue
                  a) cutaneous vasodilation
         1. low pH
               1) O2 debt
  IX. Muscle Twitch
      A. Phases
         1. Latent period
         2. Period of contraction
         3. Period of relaxation
   X. Odds and Ends
      A. Muscle tone
      B. Contraction states
         1. Isotonic contraction
         2. Isometric contractions
      C. Muscle size
         1. Hypertrophy
         2. Atrophy
  XI. Smooth Muscle
      A. Background
      B. Microscopic structure
         1. spindle-shaped cells
         2. Organization
               1) peristalsis
         3. Protein
            a. Myosin filaments
            b. Actin
            c. Intermediate filaments
            d. Dense bodies
      C. Contraction
         1. gap junctions
         2. sliding filament mechanism
            a. calmodulin
            b. myosin light chain kinas
         3. Notes
      D. Regulation