Students should know the following terms.

1.1 Atoms and Molecules

elements

biological fuels

carbon

1.2 Biomolecules

proteins

functions

amino acids

peptide bonds

catalysts

enzymes

nucleic acids

functions

nucleotides

sugar

base

phosphoryl group

deoxyribonucleic acid

ACGT

A-T & C-G

ribonucleic acid

ACGU

lipids

hydrophilic & hydrophobic

functions

carbohydrates

functions

glucose - glycogen & starch

1.3 Central Dogma

genome

genes

replication

transcription

RNA polymerase

translati

on

ribosomes

1.4 Membranes

lipid bilayer

eukaryotic cells

prokaryotic cells

plasma membrane

plant cell wall

cytoplasm

organelles

nucleus

mitochondrion

chloroplast

process and sorting organelles

endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi complex

secretory granules

endosome

lysosomes

plant vacuoles

Biochemistry Chapter 2 (Water, Weak Bonds, & the Generation of Order Out of Chaos) Review

Students should know the following terms.

2.1 Thermal Motions Power Biological Interactions

Brownian motion

water

2.2 Biochemical Interaction Take Place in an Aqueous Solution

H

2O

d^- and d⁺

hydrogen bond

nonpolar, hydrophobic

2.3 Weak Interactions are Important Biochemical Properties

electrostatic interactions

ionic bonds, salt bridges

3 Å

hydrogen bonds

O & N

1.5-2.6 Å, 2-5 kcal/mol

van der Walls interactions

asymmetric electronic charge

contact distance

3-4 Å, 0.5-1 kcal/mol

"stability in numbers"

easily broken

2.4 Hydrophobic Molecules Cluster Together

entropy

membrane formation

amphipathic

protein folding

Functional Groups Table 2.1 (plus a few more)

methyl

disulfide

ester

acetyl

hydroxyl

aldehyde

keto

carboxyl

amino

phosphate

sulfhydryl