Chemistry I. Atom 1. Elements a. 92 2. Chemical symbols A. Particles 1. protons, neutrons, & electrons 2. atomic number (Z) II. Electrons A. Electron location 1. electron orbitals (shells) B. Orbital capacities 1. 2 electrons 2. 8 electrons. 3. 8 electrons III. Bonds A. Background 1. molecules a. macromolecules 1) cells 2. Ion a. Symbols 1) cation 2) anion B. Ionic bond 1. Loss and Gain 2. Transfer C. Covalent Bond = sharing a. single b. double c. triple D. Summary IV. Polar & Nonpolar Covalent Bonds A. Nonpolar covalent bonds B. Polar covalent bonds 1. electronegativity 2. Effect of electronegativity a. somewhat negative b. somewhat positive c. polar covalent bond C. Consequences 1. Solubilities 2. Like dissolves like D. Hydrogen Bonds 1. water 2. Hydrogen bond a. weak V. Chemical Reactions 1. Reactant 2. Product A. Types of reactions 1. Synthesis reaction a. Anabolism 2. Decomposition reaction a. Catabolism 3. Exchange reaction B. Metabolism VI. Inorganic cpds A. WATER 1. abundant 2. universal solvent 3. reactivity a. hydrolysis rxn. b. dehydration rxn. B. pH scale 1. origination of scale 2. overview a. backwards direction 3. calculations C. Acids and Bases 1. Acid 2. Base a. hydroxyl ion D. Buffer 1. chemistry of buffers 2. Composition