Interactions Between Microbes and Humans Chapter 11

1. Human Microbiome
   1. Colonize
   2. Non-Disease causing
      1. Normal microbiota
         1. microbial antagonism
   3. Disease causing
      1. infection
      2. disease
      3. infectious disease
2. Disease Vocabulary
   1. Pathogen
   2. Pathology
   3. Pathogenesis
   4. Pathogenicity
      1. true pathogens
      2. opportunistic pathogens
   5. Virulence
   6. Virulence factor
   7. Opportunistic pathogens
      1. immunocompromised
      2. location
3. Microbial Infection Steps
   1. Portal of Entry
   2. Adhesion
   3. Evading host defenses
   4. Causing disease
      1. exoenzymes
      2. toxins
      3. indirect damage
      4. epigenetic changes
      1. multiplication
4. Manifestations of Disease
   1. Symptoms
   2. Signs
   3. Syndrome
   4. Extent of Host Involvement
      1. local infection
      2. systemic infection
      3. bacteremia
         1. septicemia
      4. toxemia
      5. viremia
      6. primary infection
      7. secondary infection
   5. Severity and duration of disease
      1. acute
      2. chronic
      3. asymptomatic / subclinical
      4. latency
      5. sequelae
      6. immunity
      7. herd immunity
   6. Course of infection
      1. Incubation period
      2. Prodromal period
      3. Acute phase
      4. Period of convalescence
      5. Continuation
5. Disease Transmission
   1. Reservoir
      1. human
      2. animal
         1. zoonosis
      3. non-living
   2. Transmission
      1. communicable
      2. contagious
      3. noncommunicable
   3. Patterns of Transmission
      1. Contact
         1. direct
         2. indirect
            1. fomite
         3. droplet transmission
      2. Vehicle transmission
         1. water
         2. food
         3. airborne
         4. parenteral
         5. oral-fecal route
      3. Vector transmission
         1. mechanical
         2. biological
   4. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) = Nosocomial infections
      1. factors
   5. Etiology
   6. Koch's postulates
      1. associate
      2. isolate
      3. inoculate
      4. re-isolate
6. Epidemiology
   1. Center for Disease Control & Prevention
      1. MMWR
         1. morbidity
         2. mortality
   1. Incidence
   2. Prevalence
   3. Frequency of occurrence
      1. Sporadic
      2. Endemic
      3. Epidemic
      4. Pandemic
7. Emerging Infectious Diseases