Microbial Genetics                                     Chapter 8

   I. Overview
      A.Genome
      B. Chromosome
      C. Gene
         1. functional units
            a. mRNA
            b. tRNA
            c. rRNA
      D. Central dogma of molecular biology
      E. Genotype
      F. Phenotype

  II. DNA
      A. Location
      B. Composition
      C. Structure review
         1.    nucleotide
              a.deoxyribose
              b.   phosphate group
              c.   base
         2.    double helix
      D. Replication
         1. helicasee
         2. DNA polymerase
         3. bidirectional
            1) antiparallel
         4. DNA ligase
         5. semiconservative replication
         6. accuracy

 III. Gene Expression
      A. Transcription
            a. RNA review
         1. The hows of Transcription
            a. Initiation
               1) RNA polymerase
                  a) promoter
               2) gene structure
                     -operon
                     -polycistronic
            b. Elongation
            c. Termination
               1) terminator
      B. Translation
         1. components
         2. ribosomes
         3. tRNA
            a. folding
               1) cloverleaf
            b. charging
         4. Genetic code
            a. codons
         5. How Translation is done
            a. Initiation
               1) ribosome-binding site
               2) AUG 
            b. Elongation
               1) P-site
               2) A-site
               3) E-site
            c. Termination
               1) stop codon
               2) UGA, UAG, UAA

  IV. Mutation
      A. Types
         1. point mutation
            a. silent
            b. neutral
            c. missense
            d. nonsense
         2. frameshift
      B. Causes
         1. spontaneous
         2. mutagens
               1) thymine dimer
      C. Identifying mutants
         1. positive (direct) selection
         2. negative (indirect) selection
            a. auxotroph
         3. Ames test

   V. Genetic Recombination
      A. Transformation
         1. Frederick Griffith
      B. Conjugation
      C. Transduction