Microbial Genetics				Chapter 8
   I. Overview
      A. Genome
      B. Chromosome
      C. Gene
         1. functional units
            a. mRNA
            b. tRNA
            c. rRNA
            d. others
      D. Central dogma of molecular biology
      E. Genotype
      F. Phenotype
  II. DNA
      A. Location
      B. Structure review
         1. nucleotide
            a. deoxyribose
            b. phosphate group
            c. base
         2. double helix
            a. complementary base paring
      C. Strand orientation
         1. antiparallel
      D. Replication
         1. helicase
         2. DNA polymerase
         3. bidirectional
         4. DNA ligase
         5. semiconservative replication
         6. accuracy
 III. Gene Expression
      A. Transcription
            a. RNA review
         1. Steps of Transcription
            a. Initiation
               1) RNA polymerase
                  a) promoter
            b. Elongation
            c. Termination
               1) terminator
         2. Differences
            a. gene organization
                  a) operon
                  b) polycistronic
            b. location
      B. Translation
         1. components
         2. mRNA
         3. Ribosomes
         4. tRNA
            a. folding
               1) cloverleaf
            b. charging
         5. Genetic code
            a. codons
            b. anticodon
         6. Steps of Translation
            a. Initiation
               1) ribosome-binding site
               2) AUG
            b. Elongation
               1) P-site and the A-site
               2) E-site
            c. Termination
               1) stop codon
               2) UGA, UAG, UAA
  IV. Genetic Recombination
      A. Conjugation
         1. F factor
      B. Transformation
         1. Frederick Griffith
      C. Transduction
      D. Transposons
         1. Barbara McClintock
   V. Mutation
      A. Types
         1. point mutation
            a. silent
            b. neutral
            c. missense
            d. nonsense
         2. frameshift
      B. Causes
         1. spontaneous
         2. induced
            a. mutagens
      C. Repair
  VI. Genetic Engineering = Recombinant DNA Technology
      A. Manipulating genes
      B. Restriction enzymes
         1. ligase
      C. PCR
         1. Components
         2. Uses