Macromolecules Chapter 2b

1. Organic Substances
   1. Carbon
      1. electroneutral
         1. 4
      2. small
      3. molecules
2. Macromolecules of Cells
   1. Carbohydrates
      1. Uses
      1. Monosaccharide
         1. examples
      2. Disaccharides
         1. examples
            1. sucrose, lactose, maltose
      3. Polysaccharides
         1. monomers
         2. polymers
         1. examples
            1. starch, cellulose, glycogen, agar, chitin
   2. Lipids
      1. Uses
      2. exception
      1. Triglycerides
         1. composition
            1. fatty acids
            2. glycerol
         2. fats and oils
            1. saturated
            2. unsaturated
      2. Phospholipids
         1. amphipathic
      3. Steroids
      4. wax
   3. Proteins
      1. uses
      2. monomers
         1. amino acids
            1. amino group
            2. carboxyl group
            3. R group
      3. assembly
         1. peptide bond
      4. Structure
         1. Primary (1°) structure
         2. Secondary (2°) structure
            1. alpha a helix
            2. beta b sheet
         3. Tertiary (3°) structure
         4. Quaternary (4°) structure
      5. denaturedNucleic Acids
      6. uses
      7. composition
         1. monomers = nucleotides
            1. pentose sugar
            2. base
               1. Adenine = A
               2. Guanine = G
               3. Cytosine = C
               4. Thymine = T
               5. Uracil = U
            3. phosphate group
      8. DNA
         1. composition
            1. sugar backbone = deoxyribose
            2. bases = AGCT
            3. double stranded
               • complementary base pairing
      9. RNA
         1. composition
            1. sugar backbone = ribose
            2. bases = AGCU
            3. single stranded
      10. ATP
          1. Composition