Microscopy & Staining Chapter 2b

1. Metric system
   1. meter = m - distance, liter = l - volume, gram = g - weight
2. The Instruments
   1. Simple
   2. Compound
3. Principles of Light Microscopy
   1. Magnification
      1. compound microscope
         1. total magnification
         2. objective lenses
         3. ocular lens
            1. named by number of ocular lenses
               1. monocular
               2. binocular
               3. trinocular
      2. simple microscope
   2. Resolution
   3. Contrast
      1. refractive index
         1. immersion oil
      2. light
4. Illumination
   1. Light Microscopy
      1. Brightfield
      2. Darkfield
      3. Phase contrast
      4. DIC = Nemarsky
   2. Fluorescence
   3. Confocal
   4. Electron Microscopy
      1. TEM
      2. SEM
   5. Scanning probe microscopes
5. Specimen Preparation
   1. Living preparations
      1. wet mount
      2. hanging drop mount
   2. Staining preparation
      1. smear
      2. fixing
      3. staining
   3. Stain composition
      1. Basic dye
      2. Acidic dye
   4. Simple stain
   5. Differential stain
      1. mordantGram stain
   6. Procedure
   7. gram positive
   8. gram negative
6. Acid-Fast stain
   1. Procedure
   2. Orgs
7. Special structure staining
   1. Negative
   2. Endospore
   3. Flagella