Microscopy & Staining			Chapter 2b
   I. Metric system
      A. meter = m - distance,  liter = l - volume,   gram = g - weight
  II. The Instruments
      A. Simple
      B. Compound
 III. Principles of Light Microscopy
      A. Magnification
         1. compound microscope
            a. total magnification
            b. objective lenses
            c. ocular lens
               1) named by number of ocular lenses
                  a) monocular
                  b) binocular
                  c) trinocular
         2. simple microscope
      B. Resolution
      C. Contrast
         1. refractive index
            a. immersion oil
         2. light
  IV. Illumination
      A. Light Microscopy
         1. Brightfield
         2. Darkfield
         3. Phase contrast
         4. DIC = Nemarsky
      B. Fluorescence
      C. Confocal
      D. Electron Microscopy
         1. TEM
         2. SEM
      E. Scanning probe microscopes
   V. Specimen Preparation
      A. Living preparations
         1. wet mount
         2. hanging drop mount
      B. Staining preparation
         1. smear
         2. fixing
         3. staining
      C. Stain composition
         1. Basic dye
         2. Acidic dye
      D. Simple stain
      E. Differential stain
         1. mordant
  VI. Gram stain
      A. Procedure
      B. gram positive
      C. gram negative
 VII. Acid-Fast stain
      A. Procedure
      B. Orgs
VIII. Special structure staining
      A. Negative
      B. Endospore
      C. Flagella