Diuretics

1. Overview
   1. Homeostasis
   2. Kidney function
      1. nephron
         1. glomerulus -> filtrate
         2. Bowman's capsule
         3. proximal convoluted tubule
         4. descending loop of Henle
         5. ascending loop of Henle
         6. distal convoluted tubule
         7. collecting ducts
            1. aldosterone
            2. antidiuretic hormone
      2. secretion
   3. Diuretics
2. Glomerulus
   1. Osmotic Diuretics
      1. mannitol (Osmitrol)
3. Proximal tubule diuretics
   1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
      1. Acetazolamide
4. Loop Diuretics
   1. High-ceiling diuretics
   2. Mode of action
   3. Drugs
      1. furosemide (Lasix)
      2. bumetanide (Bumex)
      3. torsemide (Demadex)
      4. ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
   4. Uses
   5. Pharmacokinetics
   6. Adverse effects
      1. hypokalemia
5. Distal Convoluted Tubule Diuretics = Thiazides
   1. Drugs
      1. hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
      2. chlorthalidone (Thalitone)
      3. metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
   2. Mechanism of action
   3. Hypertension link
6. Collecting Tubule Diuretics = Potassium-sparing Diuretics
   1. Normal physiology - Aldosterone
   2. Aldosterone antagonists
      1. spironolactone (Aldactone)
      2. eplerenone (Inspra)
   3. Sodium channel blockers
      1. triamterene (Dyrenium)
      2. amiloride (Midamor)